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GENERAL HEALTH HAZARDS AND CONTROL MEASURES IN ENGINEERING INDUSTRY:


Hazard for health

Effects of dusts, fumes, heat, noise and vibration due to hot and cold working of metals and crush and other injuries due to machine tools are discussed earlier.

Foundry operations like sand handling, sand sieving, sand mill operation, mould making, core making, knockout operation, repair and relining of furnaces and ladles, and metal finishing processes like casting cleaning, fettling, chipping, brushing, air blast cleaning, dry grinding, polishing, buffing and shot/ sand blasting generate dust which contains silica. This may cause silicosis, a serious form of pneumoconiosis resulting in permanent lung damage. It is a notifiable disease under the Factories Act, Mines Act and the Workmen Compensation Act.

Iron dust is exposed to iron foundry workers, electric arc welders and workers doing dry grinding, buffing, polishing and shot blasting. Siderosis is caused due to inhalation of such iron dust (Iron oxide).

Coal dust is generated at furnace, boiler and coal handling work and may cause anthracosis i.e. coal workers' pneumoconiosis. This lung disease may result in more serious progressive massive fibrosis (PMF) leading to a premature death.

Engineering controls include exhaust hood, substitution of wet grinding for dry grinding, hydro blasting for sand/shot blasting etc. and built-in dust collecting devices with dust generating machines. In addition, workers should wear safety goggles and dust masks or proper respirators.

Medical controls include pre and post employment medical examinations including X-ray, sputum test, lung function test etc. Epidemiological analysis of dust exposure can provide a measure of efficacy of a dust control device.

High noise in pneumatic chipping, resistance welding and other engineering operations can cause auditory effects of hearing loss and occupational deafness (a notifiable disease) and non-auditory effects of change in heart rate, blood pressure and sweat rate, annoyance and disturbance in work and psychological and psychomotor effects.

Engineering controls for noise include substitution of quieter machinery, quieter process, enclosure to noisy equipment (e.g. silencer, noise insulators etc.) or/and enclosure to operators (soundproof cabin). Workers should wear ear plugs/ muffs where necessary.

Medical controls include pre and post medical examinations of workers, audiometric tests for hearing capacity and change of work area if necessary.

Painting and spraying on castings or finished parts evolve fumes which may be toxic and/or flammable. Proper spray painting booths with air suction and water curtain are necessary. Safety goggles,fume mask, hand gloves and apron should be worn. Dipping is preferred to spraying.

Workers working near excessive heat (e.g. furnaces, molten metal, glass blowing etc.) should be given cold drinks or water and heat protective clothing to reduce heat effect. Heat source should be shielded by insulation and reflectant or absorbent shields.

Natural ventilation to allow cool fresh air, induced cool dehumidified air into hot workplaces and local blowers to give individual relief are useful for comfort. For protection against skin effect due to cutting or lubricating oil, coolant etc., proper gloves, barrier creams and medical advice are necessary.

Health measures including general cleanliness, disposal of wastes and effluents, good lighting and ventilation, temperature control, dust, fume and gas removal, humidity control, drinking water, latrines, urinals and spittoons and avoidance of overcrowding, as expected under the Factories Act and Rules are the statutory requirements.

Welfare facilities should include washing and bathing facility, drenching showers, emergency shower, eye washer, sitting arrangement, cloak or change room, lockers, rest room, lunch room, canteen, creche, 'towels, soaps, first-aid centre and medical help etc.

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 about safety engineering

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 Type of Safety

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Planning for Industrial safety

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Common common resource of Accident

Common resource of Accident

A large number of revolving, rotating, reciprocating and moving parts of machinery can besaid as the sources of danger and require guarding for protection against accidents.

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Accident and their type

Accident and their type

The accidents are unwanted events or mishaps that result in some sort of injury to men, material, machines, tools, equipment and semi or finished product hence, a loss to the whole establishment.

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21st feb, 2024 by admin
Preventive Measure of Safety

Preventive Measure of Safety

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Common safety method

Common safety method

The common methods of safety are as follows:
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4.Safety by using interlock guards.
5.Safety by using automatic guards.

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21st feb, 2024 by admin
Safety Precaution by Cutting tools

Safety Precaution by Cutting tools

Safety Precautions while Working with Different Cutting Tools: Like as Make files, cutting, Chisels, Saws, Reamers, Tap and Dies, Abrasives.

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Safety Precaution by hand tools

Safety Precaution by Hand tools

Safety Precautions while Working with Different hand Tools: Like as Screw Drivers, Wrenches, Hammers.

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Safety Precaution by machine shop

Safety Precaution by Machine shop

They must be strictly followed for safety. Specific safety guidelines for some of the machine process like lathe, drilling, shaping, planning slotting, grinding, milling, and finishing operations.

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Safety Precaution by Grinding machine

Safety Precaution by Grinding machine

Replace Cracked Grinding Wheels: If you notice that the grinding wheel is badly cracked, replace it promptly. Damaged wheels can lead to accidents during operation.

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Safety Precaution by Casting shop

Safety Precaution by Casting shop

All foundry men should wear protective clothes, glasses, shoes, and gloves while handling molten metal for casting process.

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22st feb 2024 by admin
Safety Precaution by welding shop

Safety Precaution by Welding shop

A welding shop is where metal pieces are joined using heat or pressure. Safety and proper equipment are essential for efficient welding processes.

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Factory act regulation with regard to safety

Factory act regulation with regard to safety

Factory Act is to safeguard workers from industrial hazards and ensure a secure and improved working environment, with specific provisions outlined for the fencing of machinery and other safety measures.

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22st feb 2024 by admin
Electrical Safety Measures

Electrical Safety Measures

In industry, an inquiry is normally ordered for electrical accident. Items carrying electricity should be properly insulated. Ageing of insulation withstand capacity and should not be allowed to leak current.

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23st feb 2024 by admin
Fire Precaution

Fire Prevention

The main factors for combustions are presence of oxygen, availability of combustible materials and rise of temperature to the ignition point for the material The cause of fire accidents may be electric-short circuit.

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personal protective equipment

Personal Protective Equipment

The main factors for combustions are presence of oxygen, availability of combustible materials and rise of temperature to the ignition point for the material The cause of fire accidents may be electric-short circuit.

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health hazard and control measures

Health Hazards and control measures in Industrial Areas

Effects of dusts, fumes, heat, noise and vibration due to hot and cold working of metals and crush and other injuries due to machine tools are discussed earlier.

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First aid

First Aid

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cupola furnace

Cupola Furnace

sA Cupola furnace is utilized for melting recycled metal or pig iron to manufacture diverse cast irons. Crucial factors in choosing cupolas include melting capability, shell diameter with or without lining, and spark arrestor.

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Antidotes for some common Chemicals

Antidotes for some common Chemicals

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Concise Glossary of safety

Concise Glossary of safety

This Glossary of safety to help understand basic term of safety

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