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Ans. Any type of engine or machine which derives heat energy from the combustion of fuel or any other source and converts this energy into mechanical energy is termed as a ‘‘heat engine’’.
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Ans. The cylinder contains gas under pressure and guides the piston. It is made of hard grade cast iron and is usually cast in one piece.
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Ans. The average speed of the piston is called “piston speed”. Piston speed = 2 LN, where L and N are the stroke length and engine speed (in r.p.m.) respectively.
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Ans. Adiabatic compression (of air) ; Heat addition a constant pressure ; Adiabatic expansion; Heat rejection at constant volume.
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Ans. Brayton cycle is a constant pressure cycle for a perfect gas. It is also called Joule cycle.An ideal gas turbine plant would perform the processes that make up a Brayton cycle.
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Ans. Combustion may be defined as a relatively rapid chemical combination of hydrogen and carbon in the fuel with the oxygen in the air, resulting in liberation of energy in the form of heat.
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Ans.Pre-ignition is the ignition of homogeneous mixture in the cylinder, before the timed ignition spark occurs, caused by the local overheating of the combustible mixture.
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Ans. Performance Number (PN) = klimep of test fuel klimep of iso-octane where, klimep stands for knock limited indicated mean effective pressure.
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Ans. Diesel knock is the sound produced by the very rapid rate of pressure rise during the early part of the uncontrolled second phase of combustion. The primary cause of an excessively high pressure rise is the prolonged delay period.
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Ans. The ideal air capacity corresponds to filling the displaced volume (i.e., piston swept volume) with fresh mixture at inlet conditions.
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Ans. The process of clearing the cylinder after the expansion stroke is called “scavenging process”. The scavenging process is the replacement of combustion products in the cylinder from the previous stroke with fresh air charge to be burned in the next cycle.
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Ans..The property of a fuel which describes how fuel will or will not self-ignite is called theoctane number or just octane.
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Ans. A carburettor is a device which atomises the fuel and mixes it with air. It is the most important part of the induction system.
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Ans. A Choke is simply butterfly valve located between the entrance to the carburettor and the venturi throat.
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Ans. ‘Ignition’ is only a pre-requisite of combustion. It does not influence the gross combustion process. It is only a small scale phenomenon taking place within a specified small zone in the combustion chamber.
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Ans. ‘Magneto’ is a special type of ignition system with its own electric generator to provide the necessary energy for the system. It is an efficient, reliable, self contained unit which is often preferred for aircraft engines because storage batteries are heavy and troublesome.
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Ans. ? It is that type of lubrication in which bearing surfaces are completely separated by a layer of film of lubricant and that the frictional resistance arises only due to relative movements of the lubricant layer
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Ans. A high viscosity index indicates relatively smaller changes in viscosity of the oil with the temperature.
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Ans.‘Engine performance’ is an indication of the degree of success with which it does its assigned job i.e., convention of chemical energy contained in the fuel into the useful mechanical work.
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Ans. The total power developed by combustion of fuel in the combustion chamber is called indicated power.
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Ans. “Rope brake dynamometer” is cheap and easily constructed but not very accurate because of changes in friction coefficient of rope with temperature.
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Ans. The chemically correct air-fuel ratio by mass for complete combustion is known as ‘stoichiometric ratio’.
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Ans. A ‘Multi-fuel engine’ is one which can operate satisfactorily (with substantially unchanged performance and efficiency) on a wide variety of fuels ranging from diesel oil, crude oil, IP-4 to lighter fuel like gasoline, and even normal lubricating oil
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Ans.The alternate compression at low temperature and expansion at high temperature of a working fluid is the basis for the stirling engine. — The working fluid is heated in a radically different manner. It burns fuel outside the engine itself, and continuously
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